UZBEK RUGS
History and Tradition
George W. O’Bannon

With the publication of the English translation of Moshkova1, I again became interested in the Uzbek rugs of Central Asia.2 On several trips to Uzbekistan and Istanbul, I have seen a variety of these weavings in the newly developing bazaars in Samarkand and Bukhara as well as many in the Istanbul bazaar. It has been interesting to compare the rugs that are appearing in both places with the information in Moshkova. Although her information is extensive, it is evident that there is still much to be learned about these weavings.
I have had opportunities to present several Uzbek rugs in two recent exhibitions and publications.3 The rugs illustrated represent types which were neither published in Moshkova, nor represented in her data; nor do they expand on the types of rugs presented there. As I continue to look at these weavings, it is clear that there is a substantial repertoire of designs, patterns, and technical features which need to be recorded. ...

Moroccan tribal resistance to the French Protectorate ended on 9 March 1934 when the A•t Hammou surrendered to General Henri Giraud1. The tribesmen had been stopped near the Atlantic coast, more than eight hundred kilometers from their homelands, after crossing the Saharan foothills of the High Atlas Mountains and descending the Dr‰a Valley to the Ocean.
The A•t Hammou were not only the last Moroccan tribe to accept the Protectorate. When they fought French troops in 1908, they became one of the first tribes to resist French advances from Algeria2. This article reveals an unpublished result of their long, twenty-six year struggle: Moroccan War Rugs.
The first section introduces the tribe. The second section reviews major events in its long struggle. The third section reveals effects of French army attacks on its textiles. ...

For many years, Turkish kilims have captured the interest of most researchers and enthusiasts. Even if the origin and the interpretation of many motifs still remain uncertain, the artistic merit of Turkish kilims is deservedly admitted by all.
This paper would like to draw attention to a completely different type of kilim, which is of lesser fame in the West: namely, the floral Caucasian kilim. The purpose of this paper is not to present the entire repertory, but more modestly to analyse the beauty of a particular piece recently discovered.
The Caucasus is famous for its knotted rugs and for its kilims with geometric patterns, generally ascribed to the regions of Kuba and Shirvan. However, two areas in the Caucasus have produced, it seems, kilims with stylised floral motifs. One is in eastern Georgia, the other is Karabagh.
Concerning Georgia,